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Reducing Equivalents: In biochemistry, the term “reducing equivalent” refers to any chemical species that transfers one electron in a redox...

Intermediary metabolism includes all chemical transformations that occur within a cell or organism through enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Each step in these...

A coupled reaction occurs when an energetically unfavorable reaction (endergonic) is driven by an energetically favorable reaction (exergonic). The most...

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an indispensable molecule within cells, often likened to a universal currency due to its pivotal role...

Shuttle systems play a critical role in metabolism by facilitating the transfer of electrons from NADH to the electron transport...

Eukaryotic cells contain specialized intracellular spaces called subcellular compartments. Each compartment supports specific metabolic activities, and this organization ensures that...

Metabolism, the sum of all chemical reactions occurring within a living cell, is divided into two primary categories: catabolism and...