Phosphate Pentose Pathway
The phosphate pentose pathway (PPP) is a metabolic pathway crucial for generating NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars) for nucleotide synthesis. It operates alongside glycolysis, providing reducing equivalents for biosynthesis and maintaining redox balance in cells.
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
-This pathway produces ribose, forms glucose, and it also generates NADPH.
-Two Major Phases:
1.Oxidative Phase:-Generates NADPH
2.Non-oxidative Phase:-
Involves the synthesis of ribose and other sugar .


Oxidative Phase: (Glucose 6-Pβ Ribose-5-P)
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase:-
First enzymatic step in the oxidative phase, converting NADP+ to NADPH.
Glucose 6-phosphate β 6-phosphogluconate + H2O


Lactonase:-
βGlucose 6-phosphate substrate is in the pyranose (hemiacetal) ring form with the carbon-5 oxygen linked to carbon-1, the initial product is an internal ester, 6-phosphoglucono Ξ΄-lactone, that is then cleaved by lactonase to yield 6-phosphogluconate.


Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase:-
This enzyme helps protect red blood cells from damage and premature destruction.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is responsible for the first step in the pentose phosphate pathway, a series of chemical reactions that convert glucose (a type of sugar found in most carbohydrates) to another sugar, ribose-5-phosphate.


Non-Oxidative Phase
Converts ribulose 5-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate.Involves multiple enzyme-catalyzed steps.


Regulation of Pentose Phosphate Pathway
NADPH which is generated in the oxidative branch pathway to feed back and inhibit the pathway Glucose 6-phosphate can still be utilized by glycolysis.


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