Lung cancer has been one of the most fatal cancers globally, and scientists are searching for more sophisticated treatments that would attack tumor cells more selectively while limiting side effects. Scientists at Michigan State University and Stanford University have made significant progress using innovative, carbon-based nanoparticles to precisely deliver cancer-fighting drugs to lung tumors. This pioneering approach shows great promise in selectively attacking cancer cells while protecting surrounding healthy tissue.
Lung cancer occurs when cells in the lungs divide and multiply beyond the body’s control, creating tumors that invade other organs if not treated. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy target rapidly dividing cells systemically, causing often debilitating side effects, because malignant and normal cells are all destroyed in the process. This new approach, though, uses the accuracy of nanoparticles to attack only lung cancer cells and could change the landscape of lung cancer treatment by eliminating the debilitating side effects that are often part and parcel of chemotherapy.
LET’S DISCUSS HOW NANOPARTICLES TREAT LUNG CANCER:
๐ Current role of nanoparticles in the treatment of lung cancer
How Nanoparticles Target Lung Cancer
The research group created carbon nanoparticles even thinner than a human hair and loaded them with a targeted drug that stimulates the activation of immune cells inside the body. These nanoparticles are precisely guided to lung tumors, where they deliver the drug directly to the tumor to activate the body’s immune system against the tumor cells. This directed delivery reduces exposure of healthy tissue to the drug, thus reducing the collateral damage that plagues many conventional cancer treatments.
๐ Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment Using Nanomedicines
“Using sophisticated imaging, such as PET (positron-emission tomography) scans, we’re able to see the effects of the therapy while it’s happening, and see how much the tumor is shrinking and how much inflammation is released right into the lung tissue itself,” says biomedical engineer Bryan Smith at Michigan State University. “Our research demonstrates that these nanoparticles can precisely target lung cancer cells, with substantial tumor reduction observed in our animal models.”
Stimulating the Bodyโs Immune System with Nanoparticles
What’s particularly striking about this therapy is that it triggers a natural immune mechanism known as autophagy. Autophagy is the body’s way of removing damaged cells and keeping them healthy. Under normal circumstances, autophagy is used to rid the body of damaged or cancerous cells. But cancer cells usually find ways to escape this immune protection, which enables tumors to multiply out of control.
By acting like a courier, carrying a drug that turns autophagy back on, the nanoparticles help the immune system to cull the cancer cells effectively, and the tumor growth is slowed or even reversed.
๐ Autophagy in Cancer: From Mechanism to Therapy
Achievements in Scaling Up for Human Application
Although previous work has shown that nanoparticles work in small animals, one of the difficulties of the treatment has been to manufacture sufficient nanoparticles for human use. The most recent work also managed to scale up nanoparticle production to larger models, an essential step for human testing.
The team’s ability to produce enough of these ‘intelligent’ particles just might lead to human applications in the near future and make targeted lung cancer therapy a reality.
๐ Precision Medicine in Cancer Treatment
A New Horizon for Lung Cancer Treatment
New technologies in the area of nanoparticles offer exciting new approaches in the battle against lung cancer, which is still one of the leading causes of cancer deaths globally. While lifestyle changesโsuch as smoking cessation, regular exercise, and a healthy dietโcan reduce cancer risks, effective treatments are crucial for those already diagnosed.
The new treatment provides not only the possibility of direct shrinking of the tumor, but could also be applied to different cancers, potentially in the future, particularly those that avoid conventional treatments.
๐ Cancer Immunotherapy
While the research team is readying for human clinical trials, they keep on improving the production and delivery of nanoparticles to ensure as much accuracy in treatment as possible. These results underscore the power of nanoparticles to target individual cancer cells while leaving the body’s healthy tissues unscathed.
๐ Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment Using Nanomedicines
