The Psychology Behind Female Attraction

Why are conventionally attractive women often seen in happy relationships or marriages with men who are not conventionally attractive a pattern far less common when the roles are reversed?

Research suggests a fundamental difference in how attraction works between the sexes. Attractive men typically prioritize physical appearance when choosing partners. However, for many beautiful women, physical appearance plays a much smaller role.

A survey conducted by the dating platform Quack Quack in Bangalore found that women swiped right on only 4 out of every 100 male profiles, whereas men swiped right on 35 out of 100 female profiles. This indicates that men are nearly nine times more likely to express interest based solely on looks. Similar patterns have been observed on dating apps like Tinder, Bumble, and OkCupid.

These findings raise an intriguing question: if attractive women are selective based on looks in online dating, why do they often form real-life bonds with men who don’t fit traditional standards of attractiveness?.

Historically, philosophers and psychologists have struggled to understand what women want [1]. Arthur Schopenhauer, a famous philosopher, stated that women are childish and short-sighted and are attracted to nurses . However, modern neuroscience and evolutionary science have helped decode female psychology, suggesting that women are not as complicated as previously thought [2].

Evolutionary history provides insight into the differences in mate selection [2]. Around 10 million years ago, for female apes, choosing a mate was simple: the largest, most aggressive, and socially dominant male in the group would win her over [2]. However, with the evolution of the Homo species 2 to 5 million years ago and the development of bipedalism, the pelvic bone narrowed while the human brain grew in size [2]. This led to a crucial adaptation for females: giving birth before the baby's brain was fully developed, as a larger head would make birth impossible with a narrow pelvis [2]. This new adaptation meant that human babies were born premature and required years of care, making the mother and child extremely vulnerable [3].

Survival and evolutionary pressures led to the development of female psychology [3]. Women no longer simply sought an aggressive male but began looking for an intelligent, resourceful, courageous, socially adept, and loyal male who could provide protection, resources, support, and not abandon them during vulnerable times [3]. Other evolutionary pressures, like the Ice Age 2.5 million years ago transforming jungles into grasslands, made human groups larger and more complicated, further emphasizing the importance of selecting the right mate [4]. This psychological refinement in female mate selection continued until about 10,000 years ago, with the female brain evolving neurologically to develop sophisticated and complicated emotions [4].

For males, due to females being the gatekeepers of reproduction in the human species, competition became more difficult [4]. Scientists largely agree that from a biology standpoint, a female egg has a higher value than a male sperm [4]. Females are born with a limited number of eggs that decrease with age, while males have an unlimited supply of sperm [4]. Therefore, males also experienced significant mate selection pressure, and their brain structures and psychology evolved [4]. It became crucial for males to ensure a female was fertile and capable of childbearing to compete with other males for her [4]. This meant females needed to be fit, young, and healthy, as the child would develop inside her body [4]. Consequently, males developed a psychological tendency to view females' physical attractiveness, youthful face, waist-hip ratio, and breasts as indicators of fitness and childbearing capacity [4]. This preference has been refined in our psychology to this day and operates subconsciously, creating the spark of sexual attraction [4].

Attraction can be felt very quickly [4]. It takes 800 milliseconds for your heart to beat, but only 150 milliseconds to feel an impulse of attraction after seeing someone's face [4]. The brain determines if a face is attractive before conscious awareness [4]. However, male and female brains work differently [5].

When a man sees an attractive woman, information from his eyes goes to the visual cortex and fusiform face area (FFA) within 50 milliseconds to process facial structure, symmetry, and beauty and form an opinion on attractiveness [5]. If the face is attractive, his amygdala fires in excitement within 100 milliseconds, and the nucleus accumbens releases dopamine, a pleasure chemical [5]. Within 150 milliseconds, the hypothalamus also fires and releases testosterone, providing a masculine boost to consider approaching the woman [5]. Only after 150 milliseconds does the man become consciously aware of the attraction, and his conscious and rational brain, including areas like the medial orbitofrontal cortex, starts to think about how to interact with the woman [5]. For men, attraction is instant, largely subconscious, instinctive, and highly visual [5].

When a woman sees an attractive man, her visual cortex and FFA process the face, and the information goes to the amygdala [5]. However, unlike the male brain, the woman's amygdala does not get as excited; it remains neutral [5]. The nucleus accumbens does not create an instant dopamine spike [5]. At this point, a woman may notice the man is aesthetically pleasing, but she doesn't feel the same level of attraction or desire as a man would [5]. She will pay attention to him to assess him further.

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Information then travels to the orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex, which is not as activated as in the male brain (50% less). Information then goes to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, a highly rational part of the brain that makes decisions based on both emotions and logic. This part of the brain rationally analyzes the man's social and value-based aspects to understand his actual worth. The woman's brain will generate questions about the man's posture, confidence, success, energy levels, personality, social status, and confidence to assess his actual value . This information is processed in the hypothalamus and other social circuits, but there is no instant dopamine attraction . The brain doesn't pump dopamine the way a man's brain does . Therefore, the woman doesn't have an immediate motivation to mingle with the man; she will wait and observe .

This difference is supported by surveys where most men would agree to a one-night stand with an attractive woman, while almost no women would with an attractive man.

Here are some key differences in male and female attraction:

1. Deep Emotional Desire: For men, attraction is processed in deep, emotional, instinctive, and primitive brain parts like the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and hypothalamus, making visual attraction powerful, instant, and emotional. For women, these areas are barely activated by looks alone; they might gain attention but don't create deep desire. In rare cases, a woman's deep attraction to looks can be triggered if the man's appearance is linked to a past emotional experience or if he is a famous, successful superstar whose value she already knows.

2. Rationality: Women's attraction is initially more rational and calculated, using brain parts linked to rational decision-making. This is due to evolution; for a man, reproducing with the wrong female was not a significant investment, but for a woman, it was an investment of four to five years. Therefore, women had to become rational in mate selection, while men's initial state is more instinctual.

3. Context: Men are more objective, while context plays an extremely large role for women. A man will find a woman's photo attractive regardless of the context, whereas a woman's attraction to a man can change based on the situation, his behavior, and how he is perceived by others.

4. Focus: Men's focus is on physical attractiveness, indicating health, fitness, youthfulness, and childbearing capacity. Women's focus is on the man's behavior, confidence, and display of social status, looking for indicators of strength, resourcefulness, and social dominance.

5. Complexity: Men's attraction is straightforward, while women's is multi-layered. Looks are just one criterion, followed by emotional and social validation checklists. A man who initially seems below average can become extremely attractive to a woman over time if he displays other high-value traits. Women's attraction is slow, complex, and simmers, while men's is quick. Men chase images; women chase experiences.

6. Addiction Circuits: The brain circuits triggered in men during initial attraction are similar to addiction circuits, explaining why early love can feel like an addiction. This doesn't happen for women based on looks alone.

7. Initial Spark: A woman's initial attraction spark is directed towards men who project confidence, status, social dominance, and intelligence, but this spark is weaker than the one men feel for attractive women because women's rational brain parts, especially the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, are more active initially.

However, women ever feel the same deep emotional, primitive attraction that men do. While women's attraction starts more rationally and calculated, it can change over time . As a man gets closer to a woman and she sees his masculine and high-value traits (strength-based behavioral qualities like ambition, confidence, courage, decisiveness, emotional maturity), she sees his potential, feels a connection, and envisions a future for the relationship. Gradually, her emotional brain areas (amygdala, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, etc.) become activated, creating dopamine spikes when she thinks about, sees, hears, or spends time with him. Over time, she begins to feel the same deep emotional attraction that a man initially felt. At this point, the rational parts of her brain become less active, and her trust, security, and love increase. This is when a woman can become intensely in love and irrational, even ignoring others who say the man is not right for her. If the man is not genuine, she will be deeply hurt.

Many Studies emphasize that women are human and not 100% rational; their brains can make the mistake of trusting the wrong man, which is more common in young women who are attracted to the masculine traits of "bad boys" like confidence and courage but find a lack of maturity in the relationship.

For long-term relationships, women's deep emotional attraction is based on feelings of security, trust, emotional connection, and understanding, not superficiality. The idea that women are superficial is incorrect.

Some women may prioritize good looks due to rational preferences (e.g., for career opportunities), this is not the same as the deep emotional attraction men feel for looks. The media, like Bollywood and Hollywood, has contributed to the myth that women prioritize looks as much as men do by pairing good-looking actors. However, attraction is about what the brain values and the meaning behind it, which is deeply rooted in biology and psychology from evolution. Evolution has driven men to achieve great things to be seen, chosen, and loved. Female attraction has been a powerful force in human history.

Many real life observation shows that attractive women in schools and colleges often date good-looking men. This is attributed to good-looking young men often being more confident, popular, and possessing a self-assured attitude that attracts women. Some young women may be attracted to the confidence displayed by "bad boys," even if it is feigned. However, women learn to distinguish between real and fake confidence over time. It is rare to see an attractive woman dating a good-looking but insecure, self-doubting, and aloof man, whereas these traits in women can be attractive to men as they suggest a submissive nature.

Men should focus on developing their self-worth rather than obsessing over their looks, as self-worth is something they can control. While women do not value looks at zero, it is a criterion that is easily overridden by other important qualities. In initial or short-term dating contexts, looks might play a slightly larger role because there is less information available about the man, similar to judging a book by its cover in a library. However, since no two men are exactly the same in personality and social value, looks are easily overridden by better qualities. Conversely, for attractive men, it is extremely difficult for women to override looks because it triggers a deep psychological and emotional attraction related to fertility.

Based on evolutionary psychology and brain scans, women tend to seek strength, security, connection, and resources from men, while men seek fertility and nurturing feminine traits from women. The sources encourage using this scientific knowledge to empower one's life and relationships.

References

1. Sex differences in mate preferences (Buss, 1989)

2. Evolution of paternal investment (Geary, 2000)

3. Sexual selection and mental traits (Miller, 2000)

4. Bipedalism and childbirth (Trevathan, 1995)

5. Human life history theory (Kaplan et al., 2000)

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